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Nanocelluloses, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), have attracted much attention in recent years all over the world. However, commercial applications of nanocelluloses are still limited due to the high cost of nanocelluloses. In this study, we developed a novel method to prepare lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) directly from bamboo...
The hydrothermal gelation of α- and β-chitin nanofibers (α- and β-ChNFs) prepared at neutral and acidic pH was conducted by heating them to 120, 160, 180, and 200 °C in a sealed reactor. The optical transmittance and mechanical strength of β-ChNFs gelated at the acidic pH were determined for the first time using a severity factor defined as a function of the integrated heating time and temperature...
Dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) coupled with deuterium exchange was applied in determining the amount of hydroxyl (OH) groups accessible for deuteration in pulps and pure cellulose quantitatively. The samples studied with the method were different types of chemical pulps as well as microcrystalline and amorphous cellulose powders. The measurement sequence consisted of drying the samples first until the...
Herein, we present a route to obtain bi-functional cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) by a one-pot approach using an already established functionalisation route, carboxymethylation, to which a subsequent functionalisation step, allylation or alkynation, has been added in the same reaction pot, eliminating the need of solvent exchange procedures. The total charge of the fibres and the total surface charge...
In this study, bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced by Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Gluconacetobacter xylinum using citrus pulp water (CPW) and coconut water (CW). The productivity and the characteristics of the BCs produced by different strains and media were investigated. The results showed that BC production could reach more than 8.0 g DW L−1 by both G. hansenii and G. xylinum (8.42 ± 0.54 and...
With water-soluble CdTe quantum Dots (QDs) as fluorescent labels and TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) as matrix, dual-color QD-encoded microspheres were prepared by mechanical spraying, freeze-molding and subsequent electrostatic cross-linking by calcium ion. The entire preparation process was accomplished in aqueous phase without any chemical treatment. The nanocellulose microspheres possessed...
The dissolution of cotton cellulose with ionic liquids (ILs) has been extensively studied. However, the mechanism of cellulose dissolution, especially the role of the IL cation in the dissolution process, is not well understood. This paper describes a systematic study of the effects of the substituent groups on the cation in imidazolium-based ILs on cellulose dissolution. A series of imidazolium-based...
Cellulase treatment is a promising technology that will increase the reactivity of a prehydrolysis kraft (PHK) dissolving pulp. In this study, a cellulase solution was sprayed onto rewetted pulp at a very high consistency (about 60%) to increase its Fock reactivity with high efficiency and low cost. This novel and facile approach is based on favorable cellulose adsorption onto pulp fibers and high...
To expand the application of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), the increase of its hydrophobicity is considered to be critical. In the present work, hydrophobic NFC powder was prepared through chemical modification with alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). The results showed that when modifying the original NFC with an AKD loading of 0.7 g/g (based on dry cellulose) at 110 °C for 6 h, the AKD graft yield of approximately...
Novel multifunctional bio-based nanofibrous mats were prepared which contain the commonly used pain reducing local anesthetic benzocaine (BZC) and the in situ pH-detecting dye bromocresol green (BCG). These can serve as a dual nano-carrier system for wound healing applications, especially in the treatment of infected wounds. BZC and BCG were introduced into cellulose acetate (CA) based nanofibers...
We report on an efficient method for extracting cellulose nanofibers with cellulose II crystal structure that presents a relatively high yield (approximately 82%) after mechanical treatment. Delignification technique plays an important role in the conversion of crystals from cellulose I to cellulose II during the mercerization process and in the subsequent fibrillation of cellulose II nanofibers....
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), once filtered and dried, have the particularity to form a highly cohesive network, nanopaper. One of the drawbacks of all CNF nanopapers is their relative brittleness and low tear resistance, measured as the force needed for crack propagation after introducing a notch. In this work, hybrid nanopapers with drastically improved tear and crumpling resistance were produced...
The use of industrial waste to synthesize materials of technological interest is a rational way to minimize or solve environmental pollution problems. This work reports the removal of chromium ions from tannery effluent using magnetic hybrid adsorbents synthesized from waste biomass: coconut mesocarp (HCN), sugar cane bagasse (HBS), sawdust (HS), and termite nest (HT). The presence of organic matter...
In this paper, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC)-grated cellulose filter membranes (cellulose-g-PDADMAC) were fabricated via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for selective removal of anionic dye from wastewater. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that PDADMAC was grafted...
Eco-friendly polymer composites have drawn much attention over the world because of growing environmental problems. In this study, a new type of nanocomposite film using environmentally friendly cyanoethyl cellulose (CEC) as matrix, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as conductive filler and montmorillonite (MMT) as disperser of graphene was fabricated by solution blending. The results of SEM, XRD and stationary...
This paper aims at a better understanding of the systematic production of the ethyl cellulose (EC) particles by using an emulsification-solvent evaporation method in the presence of different polysaccharide derivatives. In particular, the role of different surface active polymers i.e. one ionic—carboxymethyl cellulose, one nonionic—hydroxyethyl cellulose, and two amphiphilic—high molecular weight...
Bionanocomposite films were fabricated by reinforcing regenerated cellulose (RC) with 3-aminopropyl-functionalized silica nanoparticles (nano-SiO2). The composite films were prepared by dissolving cotton linter RC in a 7% NaOH/12% urea solution followed by the addition of nano-SiO2 and 5% H2SO4 solution. The effects of nano-SiO2 concentration (1–5 wt% with respect to RC) on the morphology, water vapor...
Microstructural development and mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (80/20) blends containing single but geometrically different cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were investigated. The CNCs used in this study include cylindrical CNCs (ultrasonic treated), spherical CNCs (chemical treated) and rod-like CNCs (commercial), all characterized by particle size...
Tumor-originated and undefined extracellular matrices (ECMs) such as Matrigel™ have been widely used in three-dimensional (3D) cell and tissue culture, but their use is unacceptable in clinical cell therapies. In this study, we proposed a 3D cellulose nanofiber (CNF) hydrogel that has great potential as a defined tissue-engineering scaffold, especially for osteoblast culture. The CNF hydrogel showed...
Electrically conductive fabrics have been increasingly attracting interest due to their assembly facility with wearable devices. Herein, we propose a simple strategy for fabricating flexible, anti-fatigue, and conductive cotton fabrics. Our approach is innovative in fabricating hierarchical coating structure, which is composed of l-cysteine binder, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and a conductive hydrogel...
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